Vol 15 Iss 6

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Need-For-Touch, Product Innovativeness, Gender and Product Knowledge: A Contextual Study on Consumers in Saudi Arabia

Abdulelah Althagafi^1,2 Mahmood Ali³, Hasan Balfaqih¹ , ¹College of Business Administration, University of Business and Technology, Jeddah 21448, Saudi Arabia. ²Glasgow School for Business & Society, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, United Kingdom. ³The Institute of Business Management, Karachi, Pakistan. Corresponding author:  a.althagafi@ubt.edu.sa 

This study extends earlier research on the role of Need-For-Touch on consumer behaviour. To be more precise, it focuses on investigating the role of product innovativeness, opinion leadership, and consumer product-class knowledge in understanding consumer’s Need-For-Touch. A survey was conducted using a convenience sample of 128 males and 88 females, representing diverse demographics of Saudi Arabia, which was then analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software. The findings of this study contribute to consumer research, especially pre-choice aspects of consumer behaviour and attitudes, as well as consumer psychological market segmentation. The potential theoretical contribution of this study is reflected in the examination of new diverse relationships, which can be used as a basis for further studies. Moreover, the findings of this exploratory study will contribute significantly towards understanding consumer behaviour enabling accurate anticipation of consumer expectations and satisfying their inherent needs. Finally, a number of managerial implications for industry (packaging, communication and product-development) were suggested. Pages 1 to 10

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Expression of Language and Culture Through Homecomers' (Travellers) Funny Memes

Sariah¹, Jatmika Nurhadi², ¹Balai Bahasa Provinsi Jawa Barat, ²Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia

This study aims to describe language and cultural expressions in the funny memes of travellers. The research data were collected by taking pictures and taking notes. The data were analysed using descriptive qualitative methods and the theory of semantics and cultural values. We collected data from the photographs of travellers passing through the north coast of Java (Pantura, Pamanukan, Subang) and funny memes from travellers online. The results showed that language expression was manifested in a single theme using: sound language, metaphors in metaphorical language style, metonymy, euphemism, and disagreement with polysemy. In contrast, cultural expression manifested in the Javanese language, filial piety, and age of marriage. Language expression is dominated by metaphors and polysemy, while marriage age dominates cultural terms, and still single with entertaining humour. Pages 11 to 34

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The Participation of Social Organisation in the Building of New Rural Areas in Vietnam

Nguyen Trong Binh^a, Academy of Politics Region IV, Can Tho City, Vietnam, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6009-4983, Email: trongbinh195@yahoo.com

Traditional public administration theory considers that the government is the sole agent in public governance, then public governance theory considers public governance as well as the process of public policy as an active interaction of many centers, mainly government - businesses and society (social organisations and citizens).  The building of new rural areas is one of the important policies aimed at the comprehensive development of agriculture and rural areas and improving the quality of life of rural Vietnamese residents. This policy is directly and in many ways related to the lives of people in rural areas. Therefore, it is very necessary for the participation of people as well as social organisations as representative organisations of the people. The participation of people and social organisations in the building of new rural areas in Vietnam is an important factor contributing to the public purpose of new rural construction policy, as well as a contributing factor to promote social resources in rural development. Based on theoretical frameworks and survey results, this study assesses the current status of the participation of social organisations in the building of new rural areas in Vietnam.At the same time, it provides suggestions to increase the participation of social organisations in the building of new rural areas in Vietnam. Pages 35 to 51

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The Internal Factors Determining the Financial Performance of Islamic Banks

Monia Ben Ltaifa^a, Hany A Saleh^b, Abdelkader Derbali^c*, ^aDepartment of Administrative and Financial Programs, Community College in Abqaiq, King Faisal University, Abqaiq, Saudi Arabia, ^bAssistant Professor of Insurance and Actuarial Sciences, Department of Applied Statistics and Insurance, Faculty of Commerce, Mansoura University, Egypt, ^cDepartment of Finance and Accounting, Higher Institute of Informatics and Management of Kairouan, Kairouan University, Kairouan, Tunisia and Department of Administrative and Financial Sciences and Techniques, Community College, Taibah University, Medinah, Saudi Arabia, Email: ^ambenltaifa@kfu.edu.sa, ^bhanyhakeem2000@gmail.com, ^c*aderbalicctu@gmail.com

Financial performance is a crucial factor of the permanence and safety of the banking sector of each country. This paper investigates the influence of factors specific to Islamic banking activity on their financial performance. To study the impact of factors specific to banking activity on financial performance, we use a sample of 50 Islamic banks working and existing in 12 countries. We adopt a measurable and quantifiable method defensible by the econometrics of panel data throughout the period of study from the last quarter of 2013 to the third quarter of 2019. The empirical results of this paper demonstrate the existence of a very significant nexus among all the explicative variables and the dependent variable as ensured by the Return on Asset (ROA). Certainly, the financial performance of selected Islamic banks is positively associated with two variables such as bank size and liquidity while it is negatively affected by three variables such as bank capitalisation, asset quality and operational efficiency. The objective of this paper is to get the attention of managers in Islamic banks to see the importance of understanding these factors that could directly or indirectly influence the performance of banks. Studying the impact of these determinants helps to facilitate and guide strategic decisions aimed at achieving improved performance of Islamic banks. Pages 52 to 64

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Unravelling the Nexus Between CEO Characteristics and Financial Performance in Pakistani Listed Firms

Abdul Rehman^a, Ji Cheng Jun^b, Alam Rehman^c, Muhammad Zeeshan^d*, Muhammad Adeele, Kashif Saleemf, Shams Ur Rehmang, ^aCollege of Business Administration, Liaoning Technical University, Liaoning province, XingCheng, 125105, China, ^bProfessor at College of Business Administration, Liaoning Technical University, Liaoning province, XingCheng, 125105, China,  ^cFaculty of Management Sciences, National University of Modern Languages; Islamabad, Pakistan, ^dCollege of Business Administration, Liaoning Technical University, Liaoning province, XingCheng, 125105, China, *Corresponding Author, ^e,fAssistant professor Qurtuba University Science and Information Technology D I khan, ^gAssistant Professor Northern University Nowshera, Pakistan, Email: ^arehman51jb@gmail.com, ^bjichengjun@126.com, ^camrehman@numl.edu.pk, ^d*abobakarmzk1@gmail.com, ^eMuhammad.adeel@qurtuba.edu.pk, ^fkashifsaleem9212@gmail.com, ^gShams.mahsud@gmail.com

The empirical literature highlights the importance of CEO characteristics in the paradigm of firm’s performance. The CEO chair has been given considerable attention in the global competitive corporate environment. In view of this uprising importance of CEO chair, we investigate the case of 200 listed Pakistani firms to unravel the kind of nexus that does exists between CEO attributes and firm performance. We employ robust Panel Modeling Methodologies for analyzing data of these sample firms for the period 2010 to 2019. Our empirical estimations highlight that CEO tenure and duality are negatively associated with a firm’s performance in Pakistan. Likewise, female CEO, and non-national CEO are also considered not been the wise choice in Pakistani context. While CEO education substantiates the firm’s performance in Pakistan. Our results also report the significant contribution of insider promoted CEO to the firm’s performance. The results are expected to provide insight to the investors and corporate elite in the business environment of Pakistan, and countries with similar corporate culture as Pakistan. Pages 65 to 91

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The Psycholinguistic and Neurolinguistic Nature of Communications and Education in Early Development of Bi/Multilingual Autistic Children

¹Olumuyiwa Adekunle Kehinde, ²Berrington Ntombela, ³Caroll Hermann, ^1-2Department of English, University of Zululand South Africa, ³Department of Psychology, University of Zululand South Africa.

Poorly developed joint attention and communicative acts during early childhood may result in poorer interactional language development. The aim of this study was to investigate knowledge of parents and educators of preschool and school-aged autistic children about the nature and cognitive benefits of joint attention, and raising these children with bi/multilingualism using the psycholinguistic and neurolinguistics bases of language acquisition, language production, language comprehension and neurocognition respectively. The participants were bi/multilingual parents (n-10) and bi/multilingual educators (n-10) from 4 schools purposively selected from Empangeni and Durban in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.Data was collected through semi-structured interviews from which anecdotes and lived experiences were also drawn. The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed and analysed thematically. The findings established that many parents developed poor joint attention with their children during infancy, and communications or interactions with their autistic children at home even when they are literate or bi/multilingual due to prior advice from the clinicians or speech therapists or lack of such advice to use bi/multilingualism. The research also found a higher percentage of educators employed one language (isiZulu) when teaching and communicating with children with autism at school. The findings indicated that a larger percentage of parents and educators of children with ASD have little or no understanding that many autistic children (especially those without intellectual disabilities) have the cognitive ability to acquire, produce, and comprehend two or more languages by incorporating bi/multilingualism; and  that  joint and shared attention while involved in communicative acts during early childhood, and the school-age of these children is an essential cognition booster. Pages 92 to 106

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Public-Private Sector Partnerships in Healthcare System Delivery for Developmental Disorders in Sub-Sahara Africa

Olumuyiwa Adekunle Kehinde^a, Chinaza Uleanya^b, ^aUniversity of Zululand, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, ^bUniversity of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa Email: ^bchinazauleanya@yahoo.com

Developmental disorders prevalently caused by infections, perinatal complications, genetic problems, nutritional deficiencies, traumas, amongst others have been on the rise and make children to be at the verge of grave health challenges in the African continent. It has been a norm seeing the government being at the centre or being instrumental to healthcare system delivery with enormous for-profit private partnership and meagre voluntary services. Thus, this study explored the nature and status of government and a network of private stakeholders’ involvement in delivering healthcare to developmental disorders’ domain in selected sub-Sahara African countries. The study adopted participatory governance as a theoretical thrust. A qualitative method was adopted for the study. Hence, semi-structured interviews and desktop research method were adopted for data collection. Purposive sampling was adopted for selection of the 21 participants. The interviews were coded, and themes were generated, and analysed using content analysis. The findings of the study showed that the government remains a main policymaker for the provision of healthcare in African countries and relying mostly on a few profit-oriented stakeholders whose aims mainly focus on general healthcare services without or with less attention to developmental disorders. It is recommended that the government should incorporate a wide network of private stakeholders whose participatory level needs to be raised through adequate awareness, motivation, monitoring and evaluation. Pages 107 to 128

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A Comparative Analysis of Instructional Strategies in Middle-Grade Mathematics Textbooks

Dr. Safdar Hussain^1*, Dr. Muhammad Anwer ^2*, Dr. Nagina Gul³, Dr Mudassir Hussain⁴, Dr. S Khurram Khan Alwi⁵, ^1*Department of Educational Development, Karakoram International University, Gilgit, Pakistan, ²Principal Special Education Department, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan, ³Assistant Professor Department of Management Sciences, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering & Management Sciences (BUITMES), Quetta, Pakistan, ⁴Assistant Professor, Department of Education and Research, University of Lakki Mawat, KPK Pakistan. ⁵Adjunct Professor, Dr. S Khurram Khan Alwi, SZABIST, Karachi Pakistan. Email: ¹safdar_tla@yahoo.com, ²dr.manwer19@gmail.com, ³nagina.gul@buitms.edu.pk, ⁴mudassirokz@gmail.com, ⁵dr.Khurram.khan@szabist.pk

This study compared the quality of instructional activities of three series of selected middle- grade mathematics textbooks used in public and private schools in Pakistan. The aim was to analyse the extent to which the quality of instructional activities was appropriate for the development of mathematical proficiency in students. Geometry was selected for this study due to its challenging nature in mathematics curriculum. The procedure included the development of researched-based learning goals and indicators and, identification of evidences in textbooks relevant to the learning goals. These evidences were then compared with the indicators to check their appropriateness for the promotion of proficiency in geometry. The results showed that the New Syllabus Mathematics 2 contained comparatively effective instructional activities to support students in understanding key conceptual ideas in geometry. Mathematics 8 and COUNTDOWN contained less material for conceptual understanding and procedural fluency. These textbooks were focusing mostly on routine procedures with few connections to daily life. The results of this study will have greater significance for curriculum developers, textbook authors, textbook analysis experts and school administrators. Pages 129 to 147

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Exploring the Needs of Compulsory Health Education in Schools as Core Curriculum Requirement: Evidence from Turbat, Balochistan

Mahnaz Aslam^a, Dr. Kamal Haider^b, Prof. Dr. Muhammad Yousuf Sharjeel^c, Dr. Safia Niazi^d, Rabia Ashraf^e, Shehzad Haiderf, ^aAssistant Professor, Department of Education, University of Turbat, ^bAssistant Professor, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and Technology, Department of Teacher Education-Abdul Haq Campus, ^c Professor in Education, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and Technology, Department of Teacher Education-Gulshan Campus, ^dAssistant Professor, Department of Education, Benazir Bhutto Shaheed University-Lyari, ^eLecturer, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and Technology, Department of Education-Abdul Haq Campus, fLecturer,Department of Education,LUAWMS Email:^amahnazbaloch1313@gmail.com,^bkmhrpk@gmail.com, ^cyousufsharjeel@hotmail.com,^ddr.safianiazi@gmail.com, fwarriors.uthal@gmail.com

The closure of schools in the recent COVID-19 pandemic made every parent concerned regarding their children’s health at school. Children are the most important and loved part of every parents’ life therefore their health is the utmost priority of parent’s. The purpose of this research was to describe the current secondary school student’s health status in Turbat district. Secondary school health is often an ignored subject in Pakistan.  Through effective school health education, students can be prevented from catching infectious diseases through preventative measures and making them adopt healthy lifestyles to protect them from several diseases. Countries around the globe have achieved significant outcomes through implementing effective school health programs. The Punjab health sector reform program achieved remarkable results. The samples for this study were n= 240 students from six different schools collected from three Girls’ High Schools and from three Boys’ High School. This descriptive study through a survey method narrated the health measures regarding needs of school-going children. For this purpose, the study adopted a quantitative research method for data collection. The participants were selected through convenience sampling method.  Data was collected from the participants through consent letters, self-administration of the tool and an online survey where ever possible from the registered schools in district Turbat in Baluchistan. The data was analyzed through SPSS V22. The study found that the provision of health requirements in school settings through a health promotion program can bring change in overall well-being of young school-going children. For a healthier and prosperous generation health requirement are required to promote and strengthen school health education. The Government of Pakistan needs to increase the investment on health and education integration. ۔ Thus, imitating a similar program in secondary schools in Turbat, Balochistan can bring fruitful lifelong results. Pages 148 to 161

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Achievement Goal Orientation, Work Engagement and Organisational Commitment: A Correlational Study of University Teachers

Misbah Malik¹, Ghulam Fatima², Sara Azhar³, Muhammad Jahanzaib⁴, Khuda Bakhsh⁵, ¹Assistant Professor, Institute of Education and Research, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan. Email: misbah.ier@pu.edu.pk ²Associate Professor, Institute of Education and Research, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan. ³Assistant Professor, Township Campus, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan.⁴PhD Scholar, Department of Special Education, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan,⁵Assistant Professor, Department of Education, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan.

Achievement Goal Orientation (AGO) is considered as an important aspect of individuals’ mental faculties because of having the property of driving individuals’ thoughts, interpretations and reactions to a task, resulting in different patterns of behaviours to attain their goals.  This study was designed to identify the correlation among Achievement Goal Orientation (AGO), Work Engagement (WE) and Organisational Commitment (OC) of university teachers through a survey method. The sample of the study was 165 university teachers’ who were selected from two universities of the Lahore district. Multistage sampling technique was used. Two public and two private universities were selected randomly. Three instruments were used for data collection; one to measure AGO, second for OC and third for WE of university teachers. The correlation among AGO,WE and OC was identified through Pearson Product Moment. Independent sample t-tests were run to find out mean difference in university teachers’ responses for the variables understudy on the basis of gender. Results of data analysis revealed a moderate positive correlation among the variables understudy. Pages 162 to 171

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Mediator Variables’ Influences towards Behaviors of e-Money Users

Arin Na Ranong, Faculty of Business Administration, Rajamangala University of Technology Rattanakosin, 96 Moo 3 Thanon Phutthamonthon Sai 5 Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand 73170, Email: Arin.naranong@gmail.com

The objectives of this research is investigate the influences of four-parallel mediator variables of behavior intention, attitude, trust and perceived risk that transferred the influences of facilitating conditions to use behavior of e-Money users. The sample in this research is 500 of payment service users via e-Money of the Rabbit Line Pay service provider in Bangkok. According to the concept of Comrey & Lee (2013). The statistics applied in this research are including first descriptive statistics such as mean and second structural equation modeling (SEM) statistical analysis using PLS Graph 3.0. The results from the study show that the maximum mean of facilitating conditions is 4.00 with the standard deviation of 0.604, followed by behavior intention of the service users with the mean of 4.01 and the standard deviation of 0.601, and trust of the service users with the mean of 3.97 and the standard deviation of 0.679. For the analysis results of the four-parallel mediator variables of behavior intention, attitude, trust, and perceived risk that transferred the influences of facilitating conditions to use behavior of e-Money users, the behavioral intention and trust are factors that relate the influences of the facilitating conditions with the users’ behavior significantly. Pages 172 to 193

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Hospital Environmental Management Facilitating Healing Towards Service Quality of Chonburi, Rayong, and Buddhasothorn Hospitals in Eastern Economic Corridor (EEC) in 2020

Ekkawit Maneethorn** and Shotisa Cousnit*, Faculty of Political Science and Law, Burapha University, 169 Long-Hard Bangsaen Rd, Saensuk Sub-district, Mueang District, Chon Buri Province, Thailand 20131, Email: **ekwmnt@yahoo.co.th, *shotianne@gmail.com (**corresponding author)

This research aimed to study 1) the hospital environmental management for healing facilitation; 2) the service quality provided by Chonburi, Rayong, and Buddhasothorn Hospitals in the Eastern Economic Corridor (EEC) in 2020; and, 3) the hospital environmental management facilitating healing towards service quality of Chonburi, Rayong, and Buddhasothorn Hospitals in the Eastern Economic Corridor (EEC) in 2020. The research populations were people who received services from Chonburi, Rayong, and Buddhasothorn Hospital in 2020. The amount was uncertain. The samples in this study were 400 of those who received services from these three hospitals, retrieved from a convenience sampling method. The data collection tool was the questionnaire. The statistics used for data analysis were frequency, percentage, average, and standard deviation, correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis. It was found from the study results that the hospital environmental management for the healing facilitation overall presented at the highest level in which it could be ranked from most to least as follows: psychological environment, physical environment, social environment, and natural environment. The hospital service quality overall showed in the highest level in which it could be ranked from most to least as follows: hospital services on the aspect of procedural improvement, leadership, customer expectations, and meaningful data. Environmental management either on physical, natural, social or psychological environment was associated with the score of hospital service quality either on the aspects of customer expectations, leadership, procedural improvement, or meaningful data. Overall, they showed with high level of relationship in the same direction. The influential environmental factors on the hospital service quality overall were for instance, psychological environment, physical environment, and social environment. All the three factors together were able to explain the service quality of the hospital at 80.4 percent. Pages 194 to 210

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Dualism of Judicial Decisions in the Court of Industrial Relations

Salahudin Gaffar, A student in the Post-Graduate Program of the Faculty of Law of University, Correspondence: lawfirmindonesia@gmail.com

Law No. 2 of 2004 Article 7 (3) confirms that an Agreement shall apply as a binding law to the signing parties. The objectives of legal reform in Industrial Relations are to achieve legal certainty for the parties in dispute. Registration to the Court of Industrial Relations is necessary for settlement outside of the Court. The Court will subsequently issue a Deed of Evidence for the Settlement of Dispute. Unfortunately, it is permissible for one of the parties to cancel the said agreement unilaterally, leading to the Court's settlement. If the Court is consistent with the above provisions, it should be sufficient to check the Joint Agreement's existence and evidence of dispute settlement record issued by the same Court. Despite that, the Court should have rejected the Agreement; in reality, it continued the case until the final verdict. The previous precedence shows that the Court, in its consideration, always states that it considers the said documents as having no executorial power. Such a condition has caused a loss of legal certainty to the disputing parties in the dispute settlement process of industrial relations outside of the Court. Pages 211 to 226

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Application of the Google Classroom-Assisted Blended-Inquiry Method on Students’ Critical Thinking Skills

Yulianti^a, Ni Made Novi Suryanti^b, Sukardi^c*, ^a,bSociology Education Department, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, ^cThe Faculty of Teacher Training and Education & Postgraduate, University of Mataram, Mataram, Indonesia. Correspondence: Sukardi, Email: sukardi@unram.ac.id

This study aims to determine whether or not there is an effect of the Google Classroom-assisted blended-inquiry method on students' critical thinking skills. The population in this study included all eleventh grade students of Senior High Schools in Mataram. The research sample consisted of two classes, namely, one class as the experimental class and one class as the control class, both of which were selected by random sampling after the classes were levelled. This study uses a quantitative approach - more specifically, a Quasi Experiment with Non-equivalent Control Group Design. The instrument used was a multiple choice test which was deemed valid and reliable, and met discrimination power and difficulty level index. All data was analysed quantitatively using comparative analysis and N-Gain test. The experimental test results show that there are differences in critical thinking skills of students in  the experimental and control classes, thus it is concluded that the application of the Google Classroom-assisted blended-inquiry method has an effects on students' critical thinking skills. Gain score analysis results showed that the increase in each critical thinking skill dimension of students in the experimental class is higher than the other class’. This implies that the use of Google Classroom-assisted blended-inquiry method can serve as a supplement to strengthen constructivist theories in learning design. Pages 227 to 238

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The Relationship between sectoral FDI and ICT: Empirical evidence from China

Faisal Mehmood ¹, Wang Bing², Hameed Khan^3*, Henna⁴, ^1,2College of Public Administration, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China, ³Department of Economics, Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat, Pakistan ( corresponding author), ⁴Institute of Business Studies, Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat, Pakistan, Emails: ¹fmehmood_kmu@yahoo.com; ²wbyf@mail.hust.edu.cn; ³hameed.qec@gmail.com,  ⁴hennagulawat@gmail.com

The massive FDI inflows and the development of the ICT sector in China are the two crucial phenomena that the world witnessed during the past couple of decades. This paper seeks to understand the interplay between sectoral FDI and ICT by addressing key issues that were previously ignored, which include the omitted variable bias and the nexus of sectoral FDI-ICT. We explore these by using the ARDL and VECM approaches under the multilevel specification framework and a comprehensive index of ICT, which covers both quality and quantity indicators. From this analysis, we find that a stable long-term relationship exists between ICT and the sectoral distribution of FDI. The Granger causalities substantiate the ARDL results and reveal that a two-way causal relationship exists between the aforementioned variables. The parameter estimates of the control variables were found to be consistent and robust in the analysis. Our research makes for fertile ground for policymakers as well as academic researchers on these topics. Pages 239 to 262

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Investigating the Influence of Institutional Environment on Audacious Followership and Authentic Leadership at Secondary Level

Dr. Said Saeed^a, Dr. Muhammad Tariq^b, Dr. Fazli Khaliq^c, ^aPrincipal, Elementary & Secondary Education Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, ^bLecturer^, Department of Political Science, Hazara University Mansehra, ^cSST, Elementary & Secondary Education Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Email: ^aSyedsaeed54@gmail.com, ^bmuhammadtariq@hu.edu.pk ^cKhaliq78@yahoo.com

In the current scenario, understanding the notion of cohorts is as significant as the perception of leaders in the institution. Building the notion of cohorts and leadership, this study employed the retrogressive worldview method in management study and conjectured the correlation between audacious cohortship and authentic leadership upsurges, and how the institutional environment performs as a moderator between audacious followership and authentic leadership. The target sample for this study was teachers from schools in zone 2s of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (n= 363). This sample was chosen by convenient sampling techniques. Data were gathered through a questionnaire. SPSS version 26 was used to analyse the data through moderation analysis techniques. The results buttressed the study’s hypotheses. The results of the study showed that the institutional environment displays performance as a moderator and influences the correlation between audacious followership and authentic leadership. This specifies  augmenting the institutional ethos;  values would also boost audacious followership attitude in learners and this would proceed them to become authentic leaders in the future. Future investigators might require to reflect the audacious followership attitude in relationship to authentic leadership at college and university level and may adopt different approaches i.e. qualitative and mixed methods. Pages 263 to 277

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The Shift in Open Trade Policy due to Economic Maturity

Safdar Husain Tahir^a*, Shahzad Yaqoob^b, Wajiha Kanwal^c, Muhammad Naeem Mohsin^d, Gulzar Ahmad^e, Muhammad Rizwan Ullah^f, ^a,fLyallpur Business School, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan, ^bMS-Business administration, National University of Modern Languages, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan, ^cDepartment of  Education, University of Wah, Wah Cantt 47040, Pakistan, ^dDepartment of Education, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan, ^eDepartment of Psychology, Lahore Garrison University, Lahore 54792, Pakistan, Email: ^a*drsafdar@gcuf.edu.pk , ^bshahzadyaqoob425@gmail.com, ^cdr.wajihakanwal@uow.edu.pk, ^dmnmohsin71@gmail.com , ^egul-zar818@gmail.com, ^fmrizwanullah77@gmail.com

The study contributes to finding the shift in open trade policy to institutional quality due to economic maturity by juxtaposing developed and developing economies. The research study employs a quantitative approach to examine the impact of open trade policy and institutional quality on industrial production. The panel data consist of seventeen developed and fifteen developing countries ranging from 1999 through 2019. The study applies various econometric techniques like Principal Component Analysis, Panel Unit Root, and Panel Cointegration tests to examine the long-run nexus of open trade policy, institutional quality, and industrial production. We conclude that developing countries with immature economies are inclined to adopt open trade policy over institutional quality to grasp the benefits of increasing industrial production trends. However, developing countries with mature economies prefer to raise institutional quality by standardising their operating norms and procedures in their industries. The study's findings indicate that open trade policy is more beneficial for developing countries than for developed countries. However, higher levels of institutional standards comparatively provide more benefits to developed economies. This study is a practical help in redesigning trade policies by offering comparisons between developing and developed economies worldwide.  Pages 278 to 295

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A Study of Historical Data, The Culture and Identity of Communities Related to Thai Food Culture to Promote and Create the Production of Films and Television Dramas

Sastra Laoakka, Assistant Professor, Department of Cultural Management, Faculty of Fine Arts and Cultural Science, Mahasarakham University, Thailand, Email: hugna.studio@gmail.com

This research study has a twofold objective: 1) to study historical data, the culture, and identity of communities related to Thailand’s food culture, and 2) to propose guidelines for promoting the production of movies and television dramas. This research uses basic research. The research has divided the target groups for data collection into 3 groups, which are 1) Knowledge group 2) Practice group and 3) General persons; by collecting data from Document Collect data from a field study, structured and unstructured interview, participation observation and non-participation observation, and focus groups. The data was then analyded to find a way to answer the problems according to the set objectives. The results of the research revealed that the identity of the community is related to the types of Thai food culture which are 1) Taiyo food, 3 distinctive food items 2) 3 types of Phu Thai people food 3) Food by Nga or Lao 1 Type 4) The food of Dan Sai people in Loei province is Saton vegetable juice. Guidelines for promotion are used to create the production of movies and television dramas, as follows: first, establish an information system in the aspects of history, art, culture, and community identity related to Thai food culture to provide sufficient facilities for film and television drama producers; second, coordinate between communities with government agencies, private organisations, and film and television drama producers involved for proactive planning to develop sustainably; third, set up a budget to support by teaching people in the community to collect information and present themselves for  sustainable development. Pages 296 to 310

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Assessment Framework of Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure

Tai Ming Wut^a and Wai-man Ester Ip^{b a}School of Professional Education and Executive Development, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, ^bCrowe (HK) CPA Limited. Email: ^aedmund.wut@cpce-polyu.edu.hk, ^besterip@yahoo.co.uk

The purpose of this paper is to propose a new assessment framework on corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure. The study examines existing CSR disclosure standards and literature. The new assessment on CSR disclosure contains user-specific qualities; primary decision-specific qualities like relevance and reliability (verifiability); secondary and interactive quality like comparability and reliability (neutrality) and; the threshold for recognition like materiality and conservatism. This is one of the first studies to examine the quality of CSR/ESG disclosure rather than the quantity of CSR/ESG information provided. Pages 311 to 326

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The Authority of the Government Agencies in the State of Emergency
in Vietnam

Cao Vu Minh, PhD, Ho Chi Minh city University of law, Vietnam, Email: cvminh@hcmulaw.edu.vn

The state of emergency is the situation when the society is in severe crisis due to many causes, affecting and threatening the national survival. The declaration of the state of emergency is presumably to increase the power of the ruler’s agencies. This article analyses the authority of the national authorities in the state of emergency in Vietnam and some recommendations. Pages 327 to 341

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The Effect of Overconfidence in the Presentation of Financial Statements on Corporate Tax Avoidance

Mostafa A. Almansoori^1*, Raid Hassan Ali², Ali Nadhem Abdulamir³, ¹Accounting Department, College of Administration and Economics, Al-Muthanna University, Iraq,²Department of Business Administration, College of Administration and Economics, Al-Muthanna University, Iraq, ³Department of Banking and Financial Sciences, College of Administration and Economics, Al-Muthanna University, Iraq, Email: mustafa.abd1983@mu.edu.iq  

The present study aims to evaluate the relationship between overconfidence in the presentation of financial statements on corporate tax avoidance. This project is descriptive-correlational and the statistical population under study is listed companies on the Iraqi Stock Exchange during 2014-2018, among which are 28 companies. Four hypotheses were designed for this study, all of which were examined by the ordinary least squares regression method and  Eviews Version 9 Software. The results of the study show that there is a significant relationship between conservatism and underpricing in the initial and secondary stock offerings. Other results also suggest that there is a positive relationship between conservatism and underpricing in an initial and secondary offering in an information asymmetry setting. Since no similar study has been conducted in Iraq, so far, this paper can contribute significantly to the field. Pages 342 to 354

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The Impact of Brand Experience on Brand Engagement: Applied study on Saudi M-banking services

Manal Mohamed EL Mekebbaty^a, Mona Hatem Taher Saleh^b, Ahmed Osman Ibrahim Ahmed^c, Anas Satti Satti Mohammed^d, Osman Saad Shidwan^e, Mohamednour Eltahir Ahmed Abdelgadir^f, ^a,c,d,e,fBusiness Administration Department, College of Applied Studies and Community Service, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Saudi Arabia, ^bDepartment of Marketing, College of Applied Studies and Community Service, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Saudi Arabia.

The current research paper investigated the impact of brand experience on brand engagement. The study was applied to the Saudi mobile banking (M-banking) services. Data analysis was performed by using nonlinear partial least squares - structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). An online survey was used to collect the data from 350 M-banking users. Accordant with the results, both affective and intellectual brand experiences have a positive and meaningful relationship with brand engagement, while each sensory and behavioural brand experience has an insignificant effect on brand engagement. The control variables included age and education. According to the findings, there are significant differences in brand engagement among respondents based on age, while there are no major differences in brand engagement among respondents considering education. This research offers both theoretical and philosophical perspectives on online brand engagement. Also, this research investigated the practical implications of M-banking services during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as encouraging electronic transactions in different fields. Pages 355 to 370

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Self-leadership, Self-efficacy, and Students Adaptive Online Learning Performance during the COVID-19 Crises

Fakhr e Alam Afridi¹, Dr Shahid Jan², Bushra Ayaz³, Muhammad Irfan⁴, ^1,3,4Ph.D. Scholar, Islamia College Peshawar, Pakistan, ²Associate Professor Islamia College Peshawar, Pakistan, Email: ¹falam@numl.edu.pk, ²shahidjan@icp.edu.pk, ³bayaz@numl.edu.pk, ⁴irfan443@gmail.com

The primary motive behind this study is to examine the relationship among students’ practices of self-leadership strategies, self-efficacy, and performance outcomes levels in the online learning environment.  Two hundred and seventeen students, enrolled at a university level in different degree courses at the graduate and postgraduate level, participated in this study. We follow a two-step structural equation modelling approach to assess the relationship between the proposed variables of the model. Results reveal that students with a high level of self-efficacy tend to have more effective performance in uncertain or unpredictable situations. Also, when students show a high level of self-leadership in their online learning, their level of self-efficacy and performance satisfaction has  increased. This study contributes to the informal self-leadership emerging research especially in developing young countries.  This study also carefully observes and spots the evidence for future research that fosters changes in the academic life of students and how student’s learning performance can be enhanced by self-leadership in this unique situation. Pages 371 to 391

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Corporate Governance and Quality of Financial Reporting of Listed Firms: Evidence from Saudi Arabia

Marwa A. Alsaadi¹, Bashir Tijjani², Khalid I. Falgi³, ^1,2,3Department of Accounting, College of Business Administration, Imam Abdul Rahman bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.

This paper examines the impact of applying corporate governance (CG) mechanisms on the quality of financial reports of listed financial firms in Saudi Arabia. The focus is on how quality of financial reporting (QFR) is affected by board independence, board size, audit committee independence, audit committee size, and ownership structure of listed financial firms. The study uses financial statistics from the annual reports and accounts of a sample of 18 financial firms listed in the Saudi Stock Exchange over the period 2012 to 2017. QFR is measured using discretionary accruals of the modified Jones model (Dechow et al., 1995). The findings revealed a statistically positive significant impact of board independence, audit committee independence and ownership structure on QFR. On the other hand, results showed a statistically insignificant impact of the size of the board and audit committee on QFR. Results support arguments of the stakeholder theory that having high institutional shares in listed firms motivates internal stakeholders to disclose high quality financial reports. The Saudi economy is being opened for large foreign investments in line with its Vision 2030; as a result, potential foreign investors would want to know more about the Saudi CG practice in relation to board governance and quality of financial reports of the listed firms on the SSE. Findings from this study contribute to the literature on the application of CG in Saudi Arabia by encouraging policy makers and regulators to improve the CG code and ensure compliance by the listed firms. Pages 392 to 410

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Exploring Factors Influencing Learner Performance in the Economic and Management Sciences in Rural Kwazulu-Natal Province of South Africa

Siyaya, M.C¹, Gamede B.T², Uleanya, C^3* and Ndlovu B.B⁴, ^1,2,4University of Zululand, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, and 3*University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa. Email: ^3*chinazauleanya@yahoo.com

The study explores various factors influencing learner performance in EMS in rural South Africa, using qualitative method. Purposive sampling was used to select the ward where the research was conducted, the schools and the educators. Data was collected from 17 samples through the use of semi-structured interviews which were conducted for 17 teachers, 5 of which were Heads of Department across 17 secondary schools. Collected data were coded and annalysed using themes. The findings of the study amongst others show that recruitment of unqualified teachers, lack of exposure to commercial subjects, negatively affects teaching and learning activities around the subject. Pages 411 to 432

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice towards COVID-19 among Pakistan University Students

Dr Zaib Maroof^a, Sarah Ahmed^b, Dr Noor ul Hadi^c, ^a,bFoundation University Islamabad, Pakistan, ^cCollege of Business Administration, Department of Human Resource Management, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Al-Khobar Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Email: ^aZaib.maroof@fui.edu.pk, ^bsarah.qaim@fui.edu.pk, ^cn_hadi@yahoo.com

Protection of Children and Women’s Rights in Indonesia through International Regulation Ratification

Laurensius Arliman S^a,  Ni Putu Eka Budi PWD^b, ^aLecture in Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Hukum Padang, ^bGraduate Student at Andalas University, Email: ^alaurensiusarliman@gmail.com

Exploratory Study on Preventive Measures to Prevent Child Labour Exploitation in Belt and Road Countries from Perspective of Fashion Industry

Yui-yip Lau¹, Eve Man Hin Chan²*, ¹Division of Business and Hospitality Management, College of Professional and Continuing Education, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, ²Faculty of Design and Environment, Technological and Higher Education Institute of Hong Kong (THEi), Hong Kong, Email: ^*evechan@thei.edu.hk

Preventing Violent Extremism through Augmenting Community Resilience and Empowering Community Members in Swat

Dr. Muhammad Idris^1, Dr. Said Saeed ², Sumaira Noreen³, ^1,2Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Assistant Professor, Principal Elementary & Secondary Education KP, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Email:^1*midrees@awkum.edu.pk, ^2*syedsaeed54@gmail.com   ³sumaira.noreen@lcwu.edu.pk

Accounting Disclosure of Social Responsibility and its Role in Enhancing the Quality of Accounting Information (An Analytical Study in a Sample of the Iraqi Industrial Companies)

Akeel Dakheel Kareem^a, Waad Hadi abd^b and Aqeel Jaber Kadhim^c, ^a,b,c Department of Accounting, Collage of Administration & Economics, Al-MuthannaUniversity,Iraq          
Email: ^aaqeel.dakheel70@gmail.com, ^bwaadabd24@yahoo.com                                                                                                                       

The Importance of Competitive Advantages to Rationalise Product Costs to Achieve Customer Satisfaction and Attract Investors in the Financial Statements. Applied Research in the Electric Cables Plant / Ur State Company

Mohammed Sameer Dherib AL Robaaiy¹, Basim Mohammed Merhej², Maytham Abed Kadhim³, ^1,3Collage of Management & Economics, Al- Muthanna University, Iraq, ²Collage of Arts, Al- Muthanna University, Iraq, Email: ¹mohammed19691108@gmail.com, ¹dr.mohamedsm@mu.edu.iq, ²basammohmmed2014@gmail.com, ³Maytham.almusaway@gmail.com

Cheating during Examinations: Prevalence, Consequences, Contributing Factors and Prevention

Zafar Iqbal¹, Muhammad Anees², Dr Rahim Khan³, Dr. Iffat Ara Hussain⁴, Shagufta Begum⁵, Abdur Rashid⁶, Dr. Abdulwadood⁷, Dr. Farooq Hussain⁸

 ^1,3,4Qurtuba University of science and information technology Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, ²Department of English Government College Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, ⁵Department of Pashto, Government Degree College Jalozai Nowshera, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, ⁶Deputy Director sports Directorate of Higher education Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, ⁷Department of Education, Sarhad university of Science and information technology Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. ⁸Department of Physical education & Sports Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

The Role of Person-Organisation Fit and Affective Commitment in Inspiring Citizenship Behaviours among Banking Sector Employees of Pakistan

Muhammad Zohaib Tahir^a, Noor Ul Hadi^b, Tahir Mumtaz Awan^c, ^aPhD Scholar – COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan. ^bCollege of Business Administration, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd, University Al~Khobar, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. ^cAssistant Professor - COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan.

Improving Student Learning and Engagement by Integrating Mobile Technology and Rebuttal Writing in Teacher’s Feedback

Dr. Urooj Fatima^1*, Dr. Obaid Aslam ², Dr. Khizar Hayyat³, Dr.  Faiz Ul Hassan Shah⁴,  Dr. Muhammad Usman Riaz⁵, ¹*Riphah International University, Department of Education, Faisalabad. ²Riphah International University, Department of Education, Faisalabad. ³Riphah International University, Department of Education, Faisalabad.  ⁴HOD Department of Education, Mir Chakar Khan Rind University Sibi, Baluchistan ⁵Research Assistant, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, China

Email: *Corresponding author. ¹fatimaarooj092@gmail.com, ²Muhammadobaidaslam@gmail.com, ³khizarhayat332@yahoo.com, ⁴syed.f@mckru.edu.pk, ⁵musmanriaz@yahoo.com

The Optimum Release Height for Javelin Throwers in Proportion to Their Lengths

Jamal Abubshara¹, Osama Abdel Fattah², ¹Dr, Department of Physical Education, Palestine Technical University-Khadoorie. Palestine, ²Dr, Ministry of education, Amman, Jordan 

Does Fatigue have an Effect on the Correlative Relationship between Kinematic Variables of the Penalty kick in Soccer?

Jamal Abubshara¹, Osama Abdel Fattah², ¹Dr, Department of Physical Education, Palestine Technical University-Khadoorie. Palestine, ²Dr, Ministry of education, Amman, Jordan 

Pakistan Studies Curriculum at Graduate level in District Peshawar, Pakistan

Tabassum Mehboob^a, Amjad Reba^b, & Adnan Shahzad^c, ^aPh.D, Pakistan Study Center, University of Peshawar, ^bAssistant Professor, Institute of Education and Research, University of Peshawar, ^cPhD, Institute of Education and Research, University of Peshawar.

Media Socialisation - The Influence of Media that led to a Genocide: A Case of Rwanda and Egypt

Omar Gomaa^a, Sivamurugan Pandian^b, Nur Hafeeza Binti Ahmad Pazil^c, ^a(Main Author) Master candidate at School of Social Sciences, Anthropology and Sociology, Universiti Sains Malaysia. ^b(Correspondent Author) Prof., Dr. at Department of Anthropology and Sociology, School of Social Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, ^c(Co-Supervisor) PhD, at Department of Anthropology and Sociology, School of Social Siences, Universiti Sains Malaysia. Email: ^aomarjomaa2006@gmail.com, ^bpsiva@usm.my, ^chafeezapazil@usm.my

Impact of Leader-Member Exchange on Customer-oriented Citizenship Behavior through Job Embeddedness and the Moderating Role of Islamic Work Ethics

Maham Tariq^a, Dr. Sajjad Hussain^b, Mehwish Ali Khan^c, Dr. Junaid ul Haq^d, Shaheena Hafeez^e, ^aRiphah International University, Faisalabad Campus, ^bAssistant Professor, Foundation University, Islamabad, ^cLecturer, Riphah International University, Islamabad, ^dAssistant Professor, Riphah International University, Faisalabad Campus, ^eMS Scholar, Foundation University University, Islamabad, Email: ^aMahaa004@gmail.com, ^bsajjad.hussain@fui.edu.pk, ^cmehvish.ali@riphah.edu.pk, ^djunaid041@yahoo.com, ^eShaheenahafeez.82@gmail.com

Role of Brand and Endorser Credibility in Brand Equity of Cell Phone in Pakistan

Ali Raza^a, Muhammad Bilal^b*, Muhammad Maroof Ajmal^c, Saqib Jamil^d, Naveed^e, Waseemullah^f, ^aSenior Teacher O Level, LACAS, Gujranwala Campus, Pakistan, ^b*BBA Faculty Member/Coordinator, Department of Business & Economics, FG Sir Syed College Rawalpindi, Pakistan, Corresponding Author, ^cAssistant Professor, University Institute of Management Sciences, PMAS-University of Arid Agriculture Rawalpindi, Pakistan, ^dAssistant Professor, Department of Management Sciences, University of Okara, Pakistan, ^eAssociate Professor, Department of Management Sciences, Qurtuba University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan, ^fLecturer, Department of Management Sciences, University of Gujrat, Pakistan. Email: ^arao.ali.raza09@gmail.com, ^b*rao.muhammad.bilal@gmail.com, ^cdr.maroof@uaar.edu.pk, ^dsaqib.jamil@uo.edu.pk, ^enaveedtoru97@gmail.com, ^fwaseem.ullah@uog.edu.pk

The Impact of Unsystematic Risks on Stock Market Return in Jordanian Commercial Banks

Dr. Naseem Abu Roman, Associate professor in Finance, Banking and Finance Sciences Department, Faculty of Business & Finance, The World Islamic Sciences & Education University (W.I.S.E), Amman, Jordan, Email: naseemm55@yahoo.com

Seeing Creativity: Attitudes towards Creativity from a Pakistani Sociocultural Background

Parveen Khan^a, Muhammad Kamran^b, ^aAssistant professor, Institute of Education & Research, University of Peshawar, Pakistan, ^bAssistant professor, Department of Education, University of Loralai, Balochistan, Pakistan, Email: ^adrparveen@uop.edu.pk, ^bkamrankundi86@gmail.com  

Impact of Complaint Handling, Brand Credibility & Brand Commitment on Brand Trust- Evidence from the Telecom Sector of a Developing Nation

Sobia Shujaat^a, Baseer Durrani^b, Iram Tahir^c, Asif Kamran^d, aAssistant Professor, Business Studies Department, Bahria University, Islamabad, Pakistan, ^bLecturer in Marketing, Nottingham Trent University, UK, ^cAssociate Lecturer, University of Central Lancashire, UK, ^dDepartment of business and management studies. Nazeer Hussain University, Karachi, pakistan

Quality Investment Decisions in Building Sustainable Smart Cities in the United Arab Emirates

Hala AL Yousfi^a, Badariah Haji din^b, Rusdi Omar^c, ^a,b,cUniversiti Utara Malaysia, ^b,cSupervisor

Identity in Al-Qusaybi’s Novel “Al-Asfouriyeh”: A Semiotic Study

Thana Aldhafeeri^a, Zamri Arifin^b, Firuz-akhtar Lubis^c, ^a,bNational University of Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia, Email: ^athth2_@hotmail.com (corresponding author), ^babuzaim@ukm.edu.my, ^cfiruz@ukm.edu.my

The Impact of Long-Term Debt and Debt-Maturity on the Corporate Investment Decision of the MNCs - Evidence from Pakistan Stock Exchange

Mohammad Adnan¹, Allah Rakha², Tasawar Abdul Hamid³, Dr Rana Tahir Naveed⁴, Muhammad Waris⁵, ¹SBS Swiss Business School, ²Research Scholar at Air University, Islamabad (Corresponding Author), ³Cardiff Metropolitan University, ⁴Department of Economics and Business Administration, Art & Social Sciences Division, University of Education, Lahore, ⁵PhD Scholar, University Uttara, Malaysia,

Email: ¹adnan.abdulhamid@gmail.com, ²allahrakha1122@yahoo.com, ³Tasawar.abdulhamid@gmail.com, ⁴Tahir.naveed@ue.edu.pk, ⁵Muhammadwaris.vf@ue.edu.pk

The Effectiveness of Using Point of View Video Modelling Intervention Strategy on Improving Self-Care Skills of a Student with Autism

May Ali Elmetwally Ghoneim^a, Hala Elhoweris^b, Prof. Mohammed Alzyoudi^c, ^a,b College of Education, Department of Special Education, UAE University, ^cDean, College of Education, American University in the Emirates, UAE. Email: ^aMero200520@gmail.com

The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of using a point of view video modelling intervention strategy on improving the self-care skills of a student with autism. The target skills were handwashing and toothbrushing. A single-subject ABA design was used in this study. Data were collected using a mixed-method approach. The intervention lasted for six weeks. The results of this study indicate that point of view video modelling is an effective instructional tool for improving handwashing and toothbrushing skills for a student with autism. Moreover, the participant was able to generalise handwashing and toothbrushing skills in two different settings. Implications of this study include the importance of utilising point of view video modelling in daily classroom practice to teach students with autism self-care skills.  Pages 862 to 880

The Effect of Psychological Empowerment on Employee Performance

Rashida Mat Rani^a, Normy Rafida Abdul Rahman^b, Nurul Aqilah Mohd Yusak^{c, a}Post Graduate Centre (PGC), GSM & SGS, ^b,cFaculty of Business Management and Professional Studies, Management and Science University, University Drive Seksyen 13, Shah Alam, 40100, Malaysia, Email: ^ahafizida2708@gmail.com, ^bnormy_rafida@msu.edu.my, ^cNurul_aqilah@msu.edu.my

The Measurement of Dynamic Tension Fluctuation in a Flat Knitting Machine

Waqar Iqbal^a, Yaming Jiang^b, Muhammad Owais Raza Siddiqui^c, Raza Ahmed^d, Qi Yi_Xong^e, Syed Umer Afzal^f, Dilini srinika wijerathne gunasekara^g, Rahid Hussain^h, ^{a,b,d,e,f,g,h}School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, P.R. of China, ^cDepartment of Textile Engineering, NED University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi 75270, Pakistan, Email: jiangyaming@tjpu.edu.cn

A Survey of Linguistic Considerations of Assessment of Communication Disorders by Speech Language Therapists/Pathologists in Pakistan

¹Hina Noor, Ph. D, ² Muhammad Zafar Iqbal, Ph. D, ³Farkhunda Rasheed Ch., Ph. D, ⁴Shamaila Hamid, ⁵Iffat Nawaz, ⁶Jahan Ara Shams, Ph.D, ¹ Lecturer, Department of Special Education, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan, ²Lecturer, Department of Secondary Teacher Education, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan, ³Assistant Professor, Department of Education Planning Policy Studies and Leadership, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan. ⁴MPhil Scholar, Department of Special Education, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan. ⁵M.Phil Scholar, Department of Special Education, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan. ⁶Assistant Professor in Education, Punjab Higher Education Department. Email: ¹hina.noor@aiou.edu.pk, ²mzafar.iqbal@aiou.edu.pk, ³farkhunda.rasheed@aiou.edu.pk, ⁴shamailabrar1@gmail.com, ⁵Iffatnawaz5@gmail.com, ⁶jahanarashams@gmail.com

The Effect of Social Media on Making Investment Decisions for Investors in Amman Financial Market

Dr. Sahel Ali Al Atoom¹, Dr. Khaled Khalaf Alafi², Dr. Mazen Mohammad Al-Fedawi^{3 1}Brothers Foundation for Studies and Research, Amman, Jordan, ²Associate professor, Department of Management, The World Islamic Sciences & Education University, Amman, Jordan ³Associate Professor, Middle East University, Amman, Jordan.

The study aimed to identify the impact of the new media on making investment decisions for investors in Amman Financial Market, by reviewing the most important economic and financial data and information that can be transferred by the new media, identify the most important and most new media influencing the decisions of investors in Amman Financial Market, and identify the impact of new media on investors' decision-making in Amman Financial Market. The analytical descriptive approach was relied upon, by designing a questionnaire and distributing it to the study sample consisting of 150 investors in Amman Financial Market who were randomly selected, and using the appropriate statistical methods represented by iterations, percentages, variance testing, regression and correlation test, in addition to the stability factor (Cronbach - alpha). The study reached a set of results, the most important of which are: Investors in Amman Financial Market use social media with (60%) and specialized websites with (40%) to obtain economic and financial information and data that helps them in making and rationalizing their investment decisions. Facebook is the most social media site used by investors in Amman Financial Market to obtain opinions, comments, and advice regarding investment decision-making with (51.3%). Amman Financial Market Website (ASE) is one of the most specialized websites on which investors in Amman Financial Market rely on to obtain information, data and news related to their investment decision, with (78.0%). There is a statistically significant effect of new media applications and forms represented by specialized websites and social media on investment decision-making and rationalization.  Pages 934 to 960

Political Communication: A Case Study of Joko Widodo - Ma'ruf Amin Victory in the 2019 Indonesian Presidential Election

Sutrisno¹, Taufik², ¹Department of Communications Science, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Pasundan Bandung, ²Correspondent Author; PhD. Student of Political Science, Faculty of Social Science and Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; Department of International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Pasundan Bandung. Email: ¹Sutrisno@unpas.ac.id ²Taufik@unpas.ac.id

The Effect of the Problem-Based Learning Model on Learning Outcomes in the Course of Learning Strategy at Sttiaa Pacet Mojokerto

Dwi Lestariningsih^1*, Luthfiyah Nurlaela², Andi Mariono³, GP Harianto⁴, ¹Pascasarjana Teknologi Pendidikan, Universitas Negeri Surabaya, ^2,3Dosen Pascasarjana Teknologi Pendidikan, Universitas Negeri Surabaya, ⁴Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Excelsius. Email: ^1*dwi.sttiaa@gmail.com

The Effect of Artificial Intelligence Systems on the Performance of the Forensic Accountant in the Jordanian Public Shareholding Companies from the Viewpoint of the Jordanian Audit Offices

Samer Akour¹, Ala Jaber Matarneh², Osama Abdul-Munim Ali³, Jamal AL Afeef⁴, ^1,2,4Associate Professor, ³Professor,  ¹The world Islamic Sciences and Education University (W.I.S.E) – Faculty of Business and Finance-Amman-Jordan, ²The world Islamic Sciences and Education University (W.I.S.E) – Faculty of Business and Finance-Amman -Jordan, ^3.4Jerash University – Faculty of  Business -Accounting department -Jerash-Jordan, Email: ¹samerokour1@gmail.com, ²alaamatarneh@googlemail.com, ³al_osama@yahoo.com (Corresponding Author), ⁴alafeefjamal@yahoo.com

The US Military Drawdown from Afghanistan and the Role of Regional Dynamics in the Peace Process

Dr. Muhammad Tariq^a, Dr. Aziz Ur Rahman^b, Imtiaz Ahmad^c, Dr. Muhammad Kashif^d, Dr. Muhammad Ayaz^e, ^aLecturer Department of Political Science, Hazara University Mansehra, ^bAssistant Professor Department of IR & Politcal Science, Qurtaba University Peshawar, ^cAssistant Professor, Department of Journalism and Mass Communication, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Lower Dir., Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, ^dSuperintendent, D.R. (E), University of Karachi, ^eChairman Department of Political Science, Hazara University Mansehra, Email: ^amuhammadtariq@hu.edu.pk, ^bdr.azizku@gmail.com, ^cdostisw@hotmail.com, ^ddrkashif@uok.edu.pk

Comparative Study of Coverage of Violence against Women in Print Media

Haseeb ur Rehman Warrich^a, Raazia Israr^b, Zaeem Yasin^c, ^aAssociate Professor, Department of Arts and Media, Foundation University Islamabad, ^bMS Scholar, Department of Psychology, International Islamic University, Islamabad, ^cAssistant Professor, Department of Mass Communication, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Email: ^aHaseebwaraich79@gmail.com

Incremental Innovation through Adhocracy Culture: Mediating Evidence from the Intellectual Capital Triad

Razia Muneer^a , Muhammad Fiaz^b*, Amir Ikram^c, ^a,cInstitute of Business & Management, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan, ^bDepartment of Management Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan, *Corresponding Author

Countering Counterfeits in Pakistan

Dr. Yasir Kamal^a, Dr. Usman Ghani^b, Azhar khan^c, ^a,bInstitute of Management Sciences, Peshawar, ^cIslamia College, Peshawar

An Investigation on Thematic Patterns and Progression in Two Short Stories

Nguyen Thu Hanh, Military Science Academy, Hanoi, Viet Nam, Email: nguyenthuhanh09@gmail.com ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2061-9586

Corporate Environmental Performance and the Choice of Export Mode – Based on the Theory of Heterogeneous Firm Trade

Cuihong Yao^a, Alisha Ismail^b, Noor Azura Azman^c, ^a School of Economics and Management, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, China, ^a,b,cDepartment of International Business, School of International Studies, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Sintok 06010, Malaysia

DOI: 10.53333/IJICC2013/15672

Pedagogical Shift: Faculty Insights about E-Teaching Barriers during COVID Pandemic

Inayatullah Kakepoto^a, Quratulain Talpur^b, Irfan Ahmed Memon^c ,  Imtiaz Ali Halepoto^d, Khuda Bux Jalbani ^e, ^aDepartment of English, Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering Science & Technology, Nawabshah, ^bMehran University of Engineering &Technology, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Campus Khairpur, ^cDepartment of City & Regional Planning, Mehran University of Engineering & Technology, Jamshoro , ^dDepartment of Computer Systems Engineering, Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering Science & Technology, Nawabshah, ^eRiphah Institute of Systems Engineering, Riphah International University,Islamabad,Email:^akinayat@quest.edu.pk,^bquratulain@muetkhp.edu.pk,^cirfan.ahmed@faculty.muet.edu.pk,^dhalepoto@quest.edu.pk,^ebux.khuda@gmail.com

Exploring E-Learning Barriers of University Students during COVID 19 Pandemic

Inayatullah Kakepoto^a, Irfan Ahmed Memon^b, Imtiaz Ali Halepoto^c, Quratulain Talpur^d, Khuda Bux Jalbani^e, ^aDepartment of English, Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science & Technology, Nawabshah, ^bDepartment of City & Regional Planning, Mehran University of Engineering & Technology, Jamshoro, ^cDepartment of Computer Systems Engineering, Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering Science & Technology, Nawabshah, ^dMehran University of Engineering &Technology, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Campus Khairpur, ^eRiphah Institute of Systems Engineering, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Email: ^akinayat@quest.edu.pk, ^birfan.ahmed@faculty.muet.edu.pk,^chalepoto@quest.edu.pk,^dquratulain@muetkhp.edu.pk, ^ebux.khuda@gmail.com

Higher Education Commission COVID Policy Guidelines and Online Readiness of Universities of Pakistan  

Inayatullah Kakepoto^a, Khuda Bux Jalbani^b, Quratulain Talpur^c, Irfan Ahmed Memon^d, Imtiaz Ali Halepoto^e, ^aDepartment of English, Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering Science & Technology, Nawabshah, ^bRiphah Institute of Systems Engineering, Riphah International University, Islamabad, ^cMehran University of Engineering &Technology, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Campus Khairpur, ^dDepartment of City & Regional Planning, Mehran University of Engineering & Technology, Jamshoro, ^eDepartment of Computer Systems Engineering, Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering Science & Technology,Nawabshah.Email:^akinayat@quest.edu.pk,^bbux.khuda@gmail.com,^cquratulain@muetkhp.edu.pk,^dirfan.ahmed@faculty.muet.edu.pk,^ehalepoto@quest.edu.pk

Zakat Knowledge Unified Management (KUM) System: Connecting the Organisation Diversity in Indonesia

Muharman Lubis, School of Industrial Engineering, Telkom University, Indonesia, Email: muharmanlubis@telkomuniversity.ac.id

Important Determinants of Targeting the Poorest for Social Safety Nets: A Case Study of Pakistan

Asna Mubashra^a, Muhammad Ali Ammer^b, ^aIncharge Department of Textile Design, University College of Art & Design, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan, ^bDirector General Quaid-e-Azam Academy for Educational Development, Punjab, Pakistan

Determinants of Youth Labour Absorption in Indonesia

Suryadi^a, Emi Syarief^b, Yuniarti Tri Suwadji^c, Ardhian Kurniawati^d, Nurlia Rahmatika^e, ^a,b,c,d,ePuslitbang Ketenagakerjaan, Kementerian Ketenagakerjaan, Jl. Jenderal Gatot Subroto Kavling 51

DOI: 10.53333/IJICC2013/15817

How Do IT Competence and Business Competence Bring Organizational Agility? An Evidence from Pakistan

Majid Ali^a, Muhammad Munir^b, Rauf I Azam^c, ^aAssistant Professor, Hailey College of Commerce, University of the Punjab Lahore, Pakistan, ^bIPFP Fellow, Department of of Management & Administrative Sciences, University of Narowal, Paksitan, ^cVice Chancellor, Punjab University of Technology, Rasul, Paksiatn, Email: ^amajid.hcc@pu.edu.pk, ^bmuhammad.munir@uon.edu.pk, ^crauf.i.azam@gmail.com

Underemployment in View of Human Resource Management: Situational Analysis Scenario of Well-Educated People in Pakistan

Dr. Muhammad Jawad^a*, Dr. Munazza Naz^b, Mr. Nauman Waheed^c, Dr. Sohail Rizan^d, Mr. Muhammad Aftab Shamsi^e, ^aPost Doc, Ph.D, Department of Commerce, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Pakistan. *Corresponding Author, ^bPost Doc, Ph.D, Department of Mathematics, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Pakistan. ^c,dDepartment of Commerce, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Pakistan. ^eUniversity Institute of Management Sciences, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Email: ^a*muhammad_jawad85@yahoo.com, ^bmunazzanaz@fjwu.edu.pk, ^cnauman_acc@yahoo.co.uk, ^dsohaildotrizwan@gmail.com, ^echaftabshamsi@gmail.com

DOI: 10.53333/IJICC2013/151071

Organizational Learning Capacity as sustainable Competitive Advantage: Role of Leader’s Emotional Intelligence and Resistance to Change on Organizational Learning Capacity

Dr. Muhammad Jawad^a*, Dr. Saqib Anwar Siddiqui^b, Dr. Munazza Naz^c, Mr. Nauman Waheed^d, Dr. Sohail Rizan^e, Mr. Muhammad Aftab Shamsi^f, ^aPost Doc, Ph.D, Department of Commerce, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Pakistan. ^*Corresponding Author, ^bDepartment of Leadership and Management Studies, National Defence University, Islamabad, Pakistan, ^cPost Doc, Ph.D, Department of Mathematics, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Pakistan. ^d,eDepartment of Commerce, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Pakistan. ^fUniversity Institute of Management Sciences, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Email: ^a*muhammad_jawad85@yahoo.com, ^bsaqib.phd@gmail.com ^cmunazzanaz@fjwu.edu.pk, ^dnauman_acc@yahoo.co.uk, ^esohaildotrizwan@gmail.com, ^fchaftabshamsi@gmail.com

DOI: 10.53333/IJICC2013/151072

Enterprise Risk Management and Firm Performance: A Financial Sector Analysis of Pakistan

Dr. Muhammad Jawad^a*, Dr. Munazza Naz^b, Mr. Nauman Waheed^c, Dr. Sohail Rizan^d, Mr. Muhammad Aftab Shamsi^e, ^aPost Doc, Ph.D, Department of Commerce, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Pakistan. *Corresponding Author, ^bPost Doc, Ph.D, Department of Mathematics, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Pakistan. ^c,dDepartment of Commerce, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Pakistan. ^eUniversity Institute of Management Sciences, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Email: ^a*muhammad_jawad85@yahoo.com, ^bmunazzanaz@fjwu.edu.pk, ^cnauman_acc@yahoo.co.uk, ^dsohaildotrizwan@gmail.com, ^echaftabshamsi@gmail.com

DOI: 10.53333/IJICC2013/151073